Editorial Policy and Research Method

Our goal is accuracy, traceability and practical clarity. Each major guide identifies the question, direct answer, controlling authority, outcome-changing facts, approvals, documents, filing route, deadline and next step.

Source hierarchy

1. Constitution and statutes
2. Controlling Supreme Court decisions
3. Rules of Court and official judiciary material
4. SEC rules, memorandum circulars, opinions and databases
5. BIR, LGU and other competent-agency materials
6. Reliable secondary sources for context only

Review controls

Material claims are recorded with authority, classification, pinpoint provision, status, temporal scope, official URL, access date and page placement. Unverified deadlines, fees or filing routes are qualified or withheld.

Independence

Commercial relevance does not override the controlling rule. We do not guarantee government approval or present automated output as individualized legal advice.